ls

Lists all files and directories in the present working directory

ls -R

Lists files in sub-directories as well

ls -a

Lists hidden files as well

ls -al

Lists files and directories with detailed information like permissions, size, owner, etc.

cd or cd ~

Navigate to the HOME directory

cd ..

Move one level up

cd

To change to a particular directory

cat > filename

Creates a new file

cat filename

Displays the file content

mv file "new file path"

Moves the files to the new location

sudo

Allows regular users to run programs with the security privileges of the superuser or root

rm filename

Deletes a file

man

Gives help information on a command

clear

Clears the terminal

mkdir directoryname

Creates a new directory in the present working directory or an at the specified path

rmdir

Deletes a directory

mv

move files and directories from one directory to another or rename a file or directory

apt-get


Command used to install and update packages

ls -l

to show file type and access permission

r

read permission

w

write permission

x

execute permission

-=

no permission

Chown user

For changing the ownership of a file/directory

Chown user:group filename

change the user as well as a group for a file or directory

sudo adduser username

To add a new user

sudo passwd -l 'username'

To change the password of a user

sudo userdel -r 'username'

To remove a newly created user

Ping hostname="" or =""

To ping and Analyze network and host connections

dir

Display files in the current directory of a remote computer

cd "dirname"

change the directory to “dirname” on a remote computer

put file

upload ‘file’ from a local to a remote computer

get file

Download the ‘file’ from the remote to the local computer

quit

Logout